Ibn Kathir — introduction to this surah
The Virtues of Surat Al-A`la
This Surah was revealed in Makkah before the migration to Al-Madinah. The proof of this is what Al-Bukhari recorded from Al-Bara' bin `Azib, that he said,
"The first people to come to us (in Al-Madinah) from the Companions of the Prophet were Mus`ab bin `Umayr and Ibn Umm Maktum, who taught us the Qur'an; then `Ammar, Bilal and Sa`d came. Then `Umar bin Al-Khattab came with a group of twenty people, after which the Prophet came. I have not seen the people of Al-Madinah happier with anything more than their happiness with his coming (to Al-Madinah). This was reached to such an extent that I saw the children and little ones saying, `This is the Messenger of Allah who has come.' Thus, he came, but he did not come until after I had already recited (i.e., learned how to recite).
سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الاّعْلَى
Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High. (87:1) as well as other Surahs similar to it.''
It has been confirmed in the Two Sahihs that the Messenger of Allah said to Mu`adh, Why didn't you recite,
سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الاّعْلَى
وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَـهَا
وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى
- Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High, (Surah 87);
- By the sun and its brightness, (Surah 91);
- By the night when it envelopes. (Surah 92);
Imam Ahmad recorded from An-Nu`man bin Bashir that the Messenger of Allah recited
سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الاّعْلَى
هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ
Al-A`la (Surah 87) and Al-Ghashiyh (Surah 88) in the two `Id prayers. If the `Id prayer fell on Friday, he would recite them in both prayers (`Id and Salat Al-Jumu`ah).
Muslim also recorded this in his Sahih, as well as Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah.
The wording of Muslim and the Sunan compilers says, "He used to recite
سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الاّعْلَى
هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ
Al-A`la (Surah 87) and Al-Ghashiyh (Surah 88) for the two `Ids and Jumu`ah. If they occurred on the same day, he would recite them in both of them.''
In his Musnad, Imam Ahmad recorded on the authority of Ubayy bin Ka`b, Abdullah bin `Abbas, `Abdur-Rahman bin Abza, and the Mother of the believers, A'ishah, that the Messenger of Allah used to recite
سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الاّعْلَى
قُلْ يأَيُّهَا الْكَـفِرُونَ
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ
- Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High. and
- Say: `O you who disbelieve.' (Surah 109) and
- Say: `He is Allah, the One.' (Surah 112)
A'ishah added in her version that he would also recite the Mu`awwidhatayn (Al-Falaq and An-Nas).
87:1 سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى
Glorify the name of thy Guardian-Lord Most High,
87:2 الَّذِي خَلَقَ فَسَوَّى
Who hath created, and further, given order and proportion;
87:3 وَالَّذِي قَدَّرَ فَهَدَى
Who hath ordained laws. And granted guidance;
87:4 وَالَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الْمَرْعَى
And Who bringeth out the (green and luscious) pasture,
87:5 فَجَعَلَهُ غُثَاء أَحْوَى
And then doth make it (but) swarthy stubble.
87:6 سَنُقْرِؤُكَ
فَلَا تَنسَى
By degrees shall We teach thee to declare (the Message), so thou shalt not forget,
87:7 إِلَّا مَا شَاء اللَّهُ إِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْجَهْرَ وَمَا يَخْفَى
Except as Allah wills: For He knoweth what is manifest and what is hidden.
87:8 وَنُيَسِّرُكَ
لِلْيُسْرَى
And We will make it easy for thee (to follow) the simple (Path).
87:9 فَذَكِّرْ إِن نَّفَعَتِ الذِّكْرَى
Therefore give admonition in case the admonition profits (the hearer).
87:10 سَيَذَّكَّرُ مَن يَخْشَى
The admonition will be received by those who fear (Allah):
87:11 وَيَتَجَنَّبُهَا الْأَشْقَى
But it will be avoided by those most unfortunate ones,
87:12 الَّذِي يَصْلَى النَّارَ الْكُبْرَى
Who will enter the Great Fire,
87:13 ثُمَّ لَا يَمُوتُ
فِيهَا وَلَا يَحْيَى
In which they will then neither die nor live.
87:14 قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن تَزَكَّى
But those will prosper who purify themselves,
87:15 وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّى
And glorify the name of their Guardian-Lord, and (lift their hearts) in prayer.
87:16 بَلْ تُؤْثِرُونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا
Nay (behold), ye prefer the life of this world;
87:17 وَالْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَى
But the Hereafter is better and more enduring.
87:18 إِنَّ
هَذَا لَفِي الصُّحُفِ الْأُولَى
And this is in the Books of the earliest (Revelation),-
87:19 صُحُفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَى
The Books of Abraham and Moses.